The main goal of the Bio-energy Group is to understand the biosynthesis of plant cell walls to provide the fundamental knowledge necessary to design plant cell walls that are easier to process into simple sugars. These sugars can then be further fermented to bio-ethanol or other bio-based products, such as bioplastics. We have a main focus on understanding the biosynthesis, polymerization and structure of lignin. In addition, we aim at modifying the cell wall by expressing cell wall degrading enzymes in the plant. Our research is heavily supported by metabolomics. Successful gene discovery programs in Arabidopsis are followed up by translational research in crops such as poplar and maize. Our efforts will underpin the transition from a fossil-based to a sustainable bio-economy.